Qualche mese fa, per la casa editrice Unicopli, Fabrizio Bajec, poeta, drammaturgo e traduttore italo-francese, ha pubblicato il suo ultimo romanzo Transizione, storia di confessioni e trasformazioni che ha per protagonisti un insegnante che diventa biografo e uno studente, Antonio, che “rinasce” come Emma.
Già giovanissimo, Antonio, che viveva in un villaggio di montagna e adottava un abbigliamento “progressista”, percepisce d’essere destinato alle “trasformazioni”, di avere una natura “asistematica”; la stessa sensazione percepita dall’insegnante biografo che, nel prologo del libro, immaginiamo come Grisù, il draghetto, atipico eroe dei comics negli anni ’70, che si faceva in quattro per somigliare agli esseri umani.
L’incontro tra Antonio e l’insegnante, che avviene tra aule, corridoi e neon danneggiati dal tempo, è un incontro tra anime alla ricerca di identità: l’insegnante vede in Antonio/Emma il soggetto ideale per le sue ambizioni letterarie (“Essere biografi è già una forma di realizzazione”); Antonio/Emma vede nell’insegnante un interlocutore funzionale a prendere maggiormente coscienza del proprio percorso umano ed emotivo.
Ma l’insegnante non riesce poi a sottrarsi alla tentazione di manipolare il proprio soggetto, riconducendolo entro i cliché di una rassicurante «normalità» che nega il vero motivo della nascente Emma. Per lei, infatti, il cambiamento di sesso è solo lo strumento supremo di affermare la propria autodeterminazione. Dovrà invece confrontarsi con un gioco perverso, fatto di dominazione, amicizia e prospettive inedite.
Per saperne di più sul libro, contattiamo l’autore, Fabrizio Bajec.
Il tuo romanzo racconta la storia di una transizione attraverso le tessere memoriali raccolte da un professore-biografo, che intervista una sua allieva trans. Si tratta di una mera soluzione narrativa o è una soluzione funzionale a dare una profondità più analitica alla storia?
Si tratta di una struttura pensata per parlare sia della questione del genere letterario (la fiction et la non fiction; i romanzo, la biografia) sia per mostrare due percorsi di transizione. Ma l’intervista con l’allieva mi ha permesso anche di mettere questi personaggi l’uno di fronte all’altro. Si raggiungono per affinità e sono l’uno lo specchio dell’altro. Era un modo di raccontare la transessualità dall’esterno, dal punto di vista di un eterosessuale, per una volta. Volevo “naturalizzare” il fenomeno. Ci sono dei brani più analitici e altri puramente narrativi. L’insegnante (che non ha nome perché è alienato dalla sua funzione professionale e poi si libera con quella di scrittore) analizza l’allieva che si analizza anche da sola. A volte i loro incontri somigliano a delle sedute di psicoterapia. Anche l’insegnante prende coscienza di ciò che fa e di chi sta diventando. Ma non volevo che la struttura del romanzo nel romanzo fosse troppo pesante.
Leggendo il racconto della transizione, appare anche evidente il ruolo importante – maieutico direi – che ricopre il biografo. Che peso ha la diffusione biografica nella trasformazione dell’immaginario collettivo e nello scardinamento dei pregiudizi? Che peso ha la testimonianza di “persone comuni” dalla vita “non conforme”?
La testimonianza di una persona comune dal percorso originale è ispirante per un lettore, può far sì che questi si interroghi su ciò che considera come “evidente” e sui suoi pregiudizi sociali. Capita anche al personaggio dell’insegnante di rimettersi in discussione o ripensare al proprio passato, a quando era giovane come Emma. E poi la vita di una persona comune può essere una storia avvincente, a condizione di essere raccontata in un certo modo. Se però, riprendo la citazione sopra indicata, direi che diventare biografo è per l’insegnante un modo per dirsi scrittore anche se non ha la capacità immaginativa per scrivere un romanzo a partire da zero. È abitato dal desiderio di lasciare qualcosa ed essere qualcuno. Non scrive per bisogno o perché non ne può fare a meno; lo fa perché vuole raggiungere un obiettivo: diventare speciale grazie a un’opera letteraria che deve ancora scrivere. È un male che tocca molte persone nella società di oggi. Vogliono essere più cose insieme a condizione che si parli di loro e che abbiano la loro ora di gloria. Quindi è il terrore di non essere nessuno che muove l’insegnante. Perciò è affascinato dall’allieva che cerca di definirsi.
La transizione di Emma è anche un racconto di fratture e di rinunce. Fratture e rinunce emergono anche nella vita del professore biografo. Si tratta forse di due transizioni diverse, che si confrontano e si misurano reciprocamente?
Una ha a che fare col gender, l’altra è di tipo lavorativo o professionale, visto che il professore diventerà biografo e poi romanziere, ma passerà anche dalla condizione di scapolo edonista a quella di uomo legato a una persona, quindi in coppia. Emma rinuncia a una probabile carriera artistica (di ballerina), taglia col suo passato – per quanto sia possibile ˗ lo vuole bruciare come si fa con una fotografia, è molto radicale. Il professore rinuncia ad avere presa sul proprio lavoro e alla vita di eterno ragazzo. Emma è più matura di lui, in questo senso, dal basso dei suoi diciannove anni. Direi che sono due vite fatte di strappi, talvolta dolorosi.
Il desiderio e l’attrazione sono altri protagonisti della narrazione. Che peso hanno nel rapporto tra il biografo ed Emma? Sono volani di confidenza o agenti di possibili manipolazioni della testimonianza?
Meglio il desiderio che la pulsione. Oggi agiamo più per impulsi esterni. L’insegnante ha in un primo momento il ruolo dell’“uomo che guarda”, prova desiderio per le sue allieve, ma sente anche un’attrazione per il mondo di Emma e per le sue esperienze. Questo desiderio è certo un motore della storia. Si avanza da una sublimazione all’altra. Anche Emma, in maniera forse altrettanto immatura qui, passa dal desiderio di prostituirsi a quello di vivere con pochissimo e finire sul lastrico, forse ancora per fare torno alle aspettative del padre. Entrambi potrebbero affermare: «desidero, dunque sono vivo ». Ma Emma è anche oggetto di desiderio per gli altri e questo complica tutto, perché non capisce bene di che natura sia il suo e non incontra per forza le risposte che si aspetta. Come se non bastasse, l’insegnante desidera che Emma corrisponda alla sua immagine ideale di transgender e non esita a manipolarla e a manipolare la realtà di ciò che lei gli racconta.
Infine, un altro studente, all’interno del romanzo, attira l’attenzione del professore biografo: Samuel. Può raccontare ai nostri lettori qualcosa in più su questo personaggio? Anche la sua vita può definirsi in “transizione”?
Samuel ha voluto essere ebreo. Quindi è passato per la circoncisione, poi è diventato cittadino israeliano, ma quando capisce che gli piacerebbe studiare qualcosa che non potrà approfondire nel suo paese (la filosofia), allora desidera vivere in un altrove idealizzato. Anche lui pretende troppe cose tutte insieme e non sa come fare a decidersi . E’ tipico della sua generazione. E’ uno studente come Emma, in apparenza forte e sicuro di sé in classe, potrebbe essere un buon compagno di strada per Emma. Ma anche la sua identità è dolorosa (ebreo e israeliano, di origine tunisina, giunto in Francia con i conflitti che incendiano la sua Terra). Siccome non riesce a trovare pace nemmeno in Francia, partecipa alle rivolte sociali e prima di rinunciare a cambiare il mondo, chiede consiglio all’insegnante, che lo stima perché, al contrario di lui, Samuel agisce in modo da trasformare le condizioni circostanti. Sono tre esistenze alla deriva, in fin dei conti. La precarietà è la dimensione dell’oggi. Tutto è transitorio, eppure in senso assoluto è sempre stato così. Il problema è che un certo discorso va per la maggiore in società: potete diventare qualunque cosa, ci viene detto, massima libertà. E poi si incontrano dei limiti pratici e dettati dalla stessa società liberale.
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