Giacomo Leopardi, Giovanni Pascoli, Eugenio Montale. Cosa accomuna questi tre grandi nomi della poesia italiana che tutti abbiamo studiato a scuola? Ce lo spiega Silvia è un anagramma. Per giustizia biografica (Marcos y Marcos, Milano 2020, pp. 336) di Franco Buffoni, che esce oggi in libreria, non a caso due giorni dopo dall’approdo alla Camera della proposta di legge contro l’omo-transfobia e la misoginia.
Dopo aver celebrato l’anno scorso i 50 anni di Stonewall con Due pub, tre poeti un desiderio, in cui ha intrecciato 200 anni di storia dell’omosessualità – dal Settecento inglese ai moti di Stonewall che nel 1969 hanno dato avvio al moderno movimento di liberazione Lgbtqi – con le biografie di tre giganti della poesia anglosassone quali Byron, Wilde e Auden, quest’anno Buffoni torna a scandagliare il rapporto tra letteratura e omosessualità e prende di petto la questione dell’omofobia imperante da sempre nel mondo accademico, in particolare italiano, attraverso le biografie dei tre mostri sacri della nostra poesia di Otto e Novecento.
Proprio al recanatese, e a una delle sue composizioni più amate, A Silvia, fa riferimento il titolo del volume, che da subito, quindi, svela il gioco enigmistico intorno a cui si è puntellato il mito del Leopardi amante sfortunato. «Per quante generazioni ancora gli studenti italiani dovranno sorbirsi tesi assurde? – domanda retoricamente l’autore – Il figlio del conte Monaldo restò celibe perché era infelice nell’apparenza fisica? In un tempo in cui il matrimonio era considerato anzitutto un accordo economico tra famiglie?». Un vero e proprio falso storico, spiega mirabilmente Buffoni, intorno al quale il paludato mondo dell’accademia ufficiale ha deliberatamente evitato di prendere anche solo in considerazione l’ipotesi che il poeta non amasse in realtà le donne ma gli uomini. Come, invece, appare chiaramente da moltissimi altri indizi e dal carteggio rimasto con il bell’Antonio Ranieri, che Silvia è un anagramma efficacemente riporta per spiegare il complesso rapporto tra i due.
Il caso di Leopardi diventa così emblematico di come, anche di fronte alle evidenze, la critica e il mondo accademico si siano per decenni trincerati dietro obiezioni capziose e negazioniste, sostenuti anche dal pregiudizio che l’eventuale “non eterosessualità” degli autori fosse irrilevante sul piano critico o potesse dirittura sminuirne il valore letterario. Se è vero che questo atteggiamento intriso di pregiudizi è stato, nei decenni scorsi, ampiamente superato nel mondo anglosassone, nel nostro Paese resta ancora prevalente e continua a ostacolare una più corretta interpretazione delle biografie di decine di scrittori, poeti e personaggi storici, continuando a tramandarne immagini falsate e censurate e, in ultima analisi incomprensibili, o irrisolte. «In Italia – spiega Buffoni – non sono ancora penetrate in profondità nel tessuto critico-accademico istanze di studi di genere e di cultura omosessuale. E ancora appaiono nella loro stolidità i valori di sopravvivenza del neutro accademico eterosessuale, spacciato per universale, secondo la sapida definizione della ricercatrice Eleonora Pinzuti. Me ne resi conto nel 2012 in occasione del centenario pascoliano, quando tentai di includere l’omosessualità nel paradigma delle ‘possibilità’ di lettura della biografia e dell’opera del poeta dei Canti di Castelvecchio. Ma l’eguale potrebbe accadere con Cesare Pavese. E potrei continuare con Clemente Rebora, Marino Moretti o Libero De Libero. Quante biografie di autori italiani appaiono irrisolte per via del pervicace rifiuto a rompere il velo di quell’indistinto grigiore».
Con queste premesse, i nuovi spunti critici in chiave queer sui tre poeti in copertina diventano piuttosto punto di partenza per un discorso più ampio e impegnativo che Buffoni dipana con grande competenza filologica e con la solita piacevolezza narrativa, in un vero e proprio viaggio nella storia e nella storia della letteratura italiana ricco di aneddoti, scoperte e rivelazioni.
Che rapporto c’era tra Cavour e il suo giovane stagista? Cosa lega Pascoli col nonno del movimento Lgbtqi europeo Ulrichs? Quale affetto unisce Giuseppe Mazzini e il giovane patriota autore dell’Inno d’Italia, Goffredo Mameli, morto poco più che ventenne difendendo la Repubblica Romana? E ancora, che rapporto esisteva tra Montale e un giovane bellissimo ballerino russo, e tra il vate Gabriele D’Annunzio e un altro giovane danzatore italiano?
Sono solo alcune delle domande a cui troverete documentata risposta leggendo Silvia è un anagramma. Un liberatorio squarcio, speriamo primo di tanti, nel grigio velo del “neutro accademico eterosessuale”, un raggio di luce nel nostro panorama storico letterario di cui davvero avevamo bisogno.
Si sbaglia di grosso infatti chi dovesse pensare a un barboso titolo di critica per addetti ai lavori. Come ci ha già abituati in tante sue pubblicazioni Buffoni riesce con grande abilità a trasformare un saggio letterario in un appassionante romanzo cesellato delle vicende di decine di protagonisti della letteratura e della storia italiana degli ultimi due secoli che, grazie a Silvia è un anagramma, per la prima volta possiamo conoscere in aspetti e attraverso alcuni incredibili aneddoti che mai nessuno ci ha raccontato e, in alcuni casi, mai avremmo immaginato.
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