Nella metà dello scorso mese è ricorso un anniversario importante. Il 15 aprile 1967 si spegneva, infatti, un grandissimo genio del cinema e del teatro italiano, un maestro della creazione comica e del lazzo improvviso. Una maschera che è sopravvissuta e sopravviverà al tempo e alle mode: Totò.
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Si sono spesi fiumi d’inchiostro, soprattutto nelle scorse settimane, per recuperare in maniera autentica e completa l’immagine di questo protagonista assoluto della scena italiana a 50 anni dalla sua morte.
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Proprio in virtù di questa completezza d’analisi, abbiamo pensato di chiedere a Franco Buffoni, esimio intellettuale e memoria storica del movimento Lgbti italiano, una sua personale lettura del personaggio Totò e dell’atteggiamento che il principe de Curtis ebbe nei confronti dell’omosessualità.
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Franco, si è tornato a parlare ampiamente di Totò a 50 anni dalla morte ma nessuna parola è stata spesa sulle sue posizioni nei riguardi dell’omossesualità. Il principe della risata fu omofobo o meno?
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Lo fu. Ma per un uomo come Totò, nato nel XIX secolo, essere omofobo era una cosa normale. Quindi è necessario contestualizzare il Principe della risata nel tempo e nel Paese, cioè l’Italia, in cui visse. Il cinema italiano dell’immediato dopoguerra, cioè il periodo in cui si contano numerosi film di Totò, è pieno di omofobia. Anche altri grandi attori, come Aldo Fabrizi e Walter Chiari, non furono scevri da battute esplicitamente omofobiche. Solo negli anni ’90 il cinema italiano ha iniziato un percorso di liberazione dagli stereotipi omofobici. Percorso che ha portato, ad esempio, alla realizzazione di Un difetto di famiglia, film del 2001, molto corretto sui temi dell’omosessualità e del coming out in famiglia che aveva come protagonisti due attori della commedia all’italiana, Lino Banfi e Nino Manfredi.
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I film di Totò risentono dell’atteggiamento omofobico di quegli anni?
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Consta notare che anche nei suoi film si registra l’atteggiamento di disprezzo verso l’omosessualità che era proprio di quei tempi. Consideriamo uno dei film migliori di Totò, L’imperatore di Capri”: la sequenza al m 38.45 ritrae Totò in una chiara espressione di disgusto nei confronti di un bellissimo ragazzo in costume che, presumibilmente, gli porge una delicatissima avance. Qualcuno potrebbe obiettare che era un’esigenza della sceneggiatura e che Totò era solo un interprete ma la “giustificazione” è debole perché tutti sappiamo che Totò era molto indipendente rispetto alle sceneggiature, le modificava a soggetto secondo il proprio istinto e la propria indole.
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Totò resta in ogni caso un genio
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Lo era. Totò era un artista raffinato, astuto e intelligente. Ecco perché da lui ci si poteva attendere, nonostante i tempi, un vero salto di qualità. E invece no. Anche in Totò abbiamo le stesse tristi sottolineature. Perfino il grande Totò non seppe smarcarsi dal cliché omofobico del ‘900. Eppure, lavorava spesso con Gianni Agus, che era un attore omosessuale, benché “velato” e Totò lo sapeva bene. Ma i primi a vergognarsi di quel che erano, in quegli anni, erano proprio i gay e l’interiorizzazione della vergogna omofobica non induceva certo la società a usare modi “più delicati” e corretti.
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Non si può però dimenticare che il principe De Curtis girò alcuni film con un intellettuale dichiaratamente omosessuale come Pasolini
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Certo è vero che Totò al termine della sua carriera lavorò con un grande regista e intellettuale omosessuale come Pier Paolo Pasolini. Ma Totò non amava affatto Pasolini. Decise di lavorare con lui per mero opportunismo. Un opportunismo reciproco. A Totò interessava recitare finalmente in pellicole d’autore, giacché non era stato certo selettivo in precedenza e aveva fatto diversi film che oggi definiremmo di serie “B”. A Pasolini, invece, interessava la maschera umana di Totò che aveva fatto breccia nell’immaginario collettivo del popolo. A essere precisi, dall’aneddotica saltano fuori anche particolari interessanti. Quando Pasolini decise di girare Uccellacci e Uccellini con Totò, nel 1966, si preoccupò di organizzare un incontro a casa del principe de Curtis con Ninetto Davoli, che sarebbe stato coprotagonista della pellicola. Al termine dell’incontro, Totò si preoccupò di far disinfettare la sedia e il bagno, utilizzato da Davoli, dichiarando che “con certa gente c’è da aspettarsi di tutto”. Ovviamente, “certa gente” erano gli omosessuali. In quel tempo Pasolini aveva stabilito una vera e propria partnership con Davoli, affettiva oltre che professionale, e Totò ne era al corrente.
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Eppure di questa partnership affettiva lo stesso Davoli non ha mai parlato
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Infatti Davoli ancora oggi, quando parla di Pasolini, si definisce solo “grato” al grande maestro. Lo evoca come un amico senza aggiungere altro. Qualcuno, forse, dovrebbe ricordare che, almeno sentimentalmente, ad aver ucciso Pasolini è stato proprio Ninetto Davoli. Già, perché lui all’inizio degli anni ’70 decise di sposarsi mentre Pasolini pensava davvero che Ninetto fosse il “ragazzo della sua vita” (basti leggere alcune lettere o i versi raccolti ne L’hobby del sonetto, il canzoniere pubblicato postumo che Pasolini dedicò a Ninetto). Se Pasolini fosse stato abbandonato da una donna e non da un uomo, tutti avrebbero comprensibilmente attribuito l’epilogo violento della sua vita anche al tradimento della sua compagna. Invece, il fatto che Pasolini sia stato abbandonato da un ragazzo non ha mai destato alcun sentimento di solidarietà per il poeta il cui cuore fu, di fatto, spezzato dall’amico. Come se fosse normale e giustificabile straziare un omosessuale, i suoi sentimenti e le sue aspettative. Anche questa è omofobia.
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