Il deposito del testo unificato del ddl in materia di prevenzione e contrasto alle violenze e discriminazioni per sesso, genere, orientamento sessuale e identità di genere, di cui è relatore il deputato Alessandro Zan, ha rinfocolato la polemica nell’ampio e plurale mondo del femminismo italiano.
Nella giornata d’ieri sembrava che una tale ampiezza e pluralità fosse d’un tratto scomparsa e soppiantata da un’univocità di vedute, dal momento che i giornali, a partire da La Repubblica, avevano dato unicamente rilievo e spazio alle voci critiche – autorevoli sì ma sparute quanto rumorose – al complesso lemmatico “identità di genere” e al concetto a esso sotteso. Di cui male intendendone il significato, ne avevano chiesto la cancellazione dal testo in quanto lesivo delle donne.
Ma oggi la situazione è tornata ad apparire per quella che è attraverso una lettera aperta, firmata da altrettante voci autorevoli del femminismo ma numericamente superiori e soprattutto più lucide da un punto di vista argomentativo.
Eccone il testo completo:
Il femminismo italiano è ampio e plurale, con storie, linguaggi e pratiche diverse. Ha attraversato e indirizzato le nostre vite nel pubblico e nel privato. Come femministe viviamo e abitiamo luoghi differenti, lavoriamo, scriviamo libri, articoli e testi di legge, frequentiamo tribunali, ospedali, uffici e aziende, campi sportivi, aule scolastiche o universitarie, sindacati, associazioni e partiti politici, facciamo arte, cinema, teatro. E come femministe vogliamo intervenire nel dibattito apertosi sul testo unificato Zan all’esame della Camera.
Una legge che si attende da 25 anni contro i discorsi e i crimini d’odio contro le persone lesbiche, gay, bisessuali e trans, che in questo disegno include – giustamente, a nostro parere – anche l’odio contro le donne, cioè la misoginia. Il testo punisce ogni forma di istigazione al compimento di atti discriminatori e violenti per motivi legati a sesso, genere, orientamento sessuale e identità di genere. Cosa c’è di problematico in questo elenco? Perché sta divenendo un terreno di scontro così acceso? Per alcune esponenti del femminismo, l’uso della categoria di “identità di genere” minaccia il sesso biologico, aprendo a una fluidità di identificazioni e cancellando il corpo con cui siamo nate. Ma a questo proposito serve a nostro avviso un po’ di chiarezza.
In primo luogo, la legge punisce i discorsi e i crimini d’odio per motivi legati all’identità di genere, ma nulla prevede rispetto alle procedure per le “rettificazione anagrafica del sesso”, ad oggi ancora regolate (con criteri più che rigidi) dalla legge 164 del 1982. In secondo luogo, parliamo di un concetto largamente acquisito nel nostro ordinamento, riconosciuto in testi di legge e in convenzioni internazionali, di cui parlano da anni corti di merito e su cui più volte si è espressa la Corte Costituzionale. Non è dunque un concetto nuovo o un artificio linguistico introdotto in questo testo. Ci sembra un errore pensare di sostituirlo con il riferimento alla “transessualità”, termine che peraltro in ambito giuridico non ha alcun riscontro.
Una mossa che finirebbe per condannare ad un perenne stato di transizione le persone interessate, privandole di qualunque forma di cittadinanza giuridica, sociale, politica. Il testo che abbiamo letto e analizzato ci sembra non minacci l’esistenza di nessuna, che ampli anzi le forme di protezione da discriminazione e violenza a tutte le soggettività riconosciute. In più, non dimentichiamo che costituisce già l’esito di un dibattito e di un tentativo di incontro tra diverse sensibilità. In particolare, l’introduzione della categoria di “sesso” prima di quella di “genere” risponde alla domanda di chi richiedeva un riconoscimento pieno della propria specificità sessuale, del proprio corpo e del suo portato nello spazio pubblico.
E non ci paiono condivisibili le richieste di chi vuole che il testo punisca solo l’istigazione all’odio omofobico e transfobico lasciando fuori l’odio misogino. Finiremmo oltre il paradosso, lasciando libertà di espressione all’odio contro le donne in quanto donne. Davvero questo tutelerebbe la nostra specificità sessuale? Sostenere questa legge non significa rinunciare a un pensiero e a un’elaborazione sui nostri corpi, o abbracciare un neutro declinato al maschile. Non crediamo che il nostro spazio pubblico sia minacciato dal riconoscimento di altre differenze. Crediamo in uno spazio pubblico aperto e plurale e pensiamo che gli strumenti di protezione da discriminazioni e violenze non siano mai un gioco a somma zero, per cui qualcuno vince e qualcuno perde, ma sempre, invece, un passo avanti verso la garanzia di eguali libertà e opportunità di partecipazione al mondo comune, per tutte e tutti.
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